Wilson and WW1 Video Notes

Video #1

• Wilson took a different path than his precedentors, was peacemaker and hated the "in your face " ideals of Ros, did not like the "dollar diplomacy" of Taft. Moral deplomacy- US could handle foreighn affairs and help latin american countries as well as influence them and help countries that were democratic , got american bankers to get out of 6 nation loan to china, turning back on dollar diplomacy of Taft, got congress to repeal panama canal, difused sitiuation with Japan, forced to take military into Haitti and help americans there for over year and a half, 1917 puirchased virgin islands from denmark. 
• Diplomacy in Mexico- recources were used by US and Mexicans revolted as a result of this, President was assasinated , Huerta was put in power, mass migration into Texas. Revolutionies were violent and threatened american lives. Wilson allows american rivals to go to Villa and Carranza
• Tampico Incident - American sailers were seized by mexicans, Wilson asked congress for permission to seize vera cruz, abc powers Argentia , Brazil and Chile come in and ameliorate. Huerta is taken out of power Carranza is president, Pancho Villa stirs trouble , gains negative attention from US when he raids a train and kills 16 American mining engineers and him and his men cross into american terriory and kill 19 people.
• Pancho Villa is looked for but never found and WW1 starts, Wilson can not be pacifistict in all his problems, forced to take military action. Mexican 

Video #2

• June 28.1914: Franz Ferninand was assinated by Gavrilo Princep ,July Crisis- causes ww1to begin, not just between serbia and hungry: main causes of WW1 include militarism priority naval arms race , alliances people chose side by ethnicity or politics
• Central Powers- Germany, Austria Hungry :Allied-Russia ,France, GB( switch sides) US
• 1914- AH starts listing things to avoid war, russia movilized troops, Germany becomes more cautious, July Germany issues blank check to AH , Willy Nicky telograms language becomes more aggressive over time Aug 1 Ger declares war on Russia , Aug 3 France declares war on Germany , Ger focuses on western front , involves marching through neutral Belgium . Aug 4 GB enters war. 
• First Lady Elena Wilson dies and President is devestated for 6 months and is then remarried to  widow in Washington in Dec
• War came out of clear sky like thunder, americans could not believe it. 1914-1921 over a milliondeaths combatons , 15 million wounded , 3 million widows, 6 million orphans 
• 1920 outpore of art and literature, disallusion in humanity

Video #3

• Real surprise was nature of war, not like any previos wars, differed in scale scope and carnage. New arms and tanks were brought into play which changed its nature. 
• Total War: everything and everyone were considered part of the war civilians were targeted and rivals tried to starve eachother
• Intentinional destruction of cities outside of battlefields , historical sites were burned down ,German overran city in Belgium, murdered 248 civilians but also burned down library, used as propaganda, entice americans to yeild to allies.
• Russia intended war racial annalilation, jews and poles, each nation had atrocities , horrors involve actions and disputes. 
• All sides thought it would be a war of quick movement , 1915 bogged down into a war of movement, stalemate senseless atrition massive battle. firepower shattered towns, german lost 143,00, conflict had become a war of extermination
• Trench warfare, most battles were won by brute force, industrial war, intil manpower and recources are exhauseted, men crawling out of trenches filled with disease , lice unimaginable stench, are characterized by men loosing feet due to trench foot, trench fever thgen had to cross through no mans land , wire and mnes , die in trench or go into noman's land with little to nothing percent of success
• British lost 13,000 men in 3 hours in a single battle , gained them 100 yards of land, both sides look for options to gain upper hand, this involves US 

Video # 4

• WW1 became stalemate, casualty soared and US pressure to enter war increased, Wilson encouraged americans to remain neutral in thought and action , new immigrants had strong ties to their country of orgin , 13 million immigrant americans , german americans were numbered 8 million deep rooted sympathy for central powers, old line americans symathized with allies. Neutrality was strained and hard to acomplish 
• Blood money- 1914 slump in american exports and threat in depression, allies demand for war supplies boom in business for american bankers and farmers. Americans would loan 2 billion loans to allies, 27 million to union, not exactly easy to remain neutral.Increase i trade amoung allies, freedom of the seas, begin to engage in trade with Germany we cling to neutrality. Aug 6, Sec of war calls out to nations in war to continue to trade with neutral countries , central powers accepted this british refuse, Dec Brit declares north sea a war zone , mar 16 declare they will seize and search neutral ships giving supplies to Germany , we protest 
• Germans respond to declaring war zone around british islands, ships would be attacked by submarines, may not be able to save crew and passengers , violates procedure. May 7 1915, german submarine sinks ocean liner Lusitania, america loses 128 citizens, america is outraged , demanded to take anti-german action. TR, cascade Wilson and uses derogatory language , Wilson demands Germans to abandon submarine warfare and pay for Lusitania repair, Germans counter say ship was armed, it carried arms and ammunition, America says nothing less than sacred rights of humanity. 
• Germans order for their submarines to stop sinking ships with passengers, Sep 1915 British line with Arabic 2 American lives lost, 1916 torpedo of Sussex and Americans injured , Wilson threatens to stop all trade with Germany, Germany abandonens submarine for a year. 1917 Germans bring back policy that could bring US into war

Video #5

• Demand for stronger army and navy , due to Lusitania incident. Do more to devope plat 1916 National Security Leaugues, Debate between isolationist and passifist US takes steps to develop army and navy ,even though we are taking steps to fight war it is no where near where it needs to be, US and Germany have rising tensions
• Election of 1916- Rep plan to regain control of elected majoritty, fail to findsomeone to give message diff from wilson, Charles Hughes head of supreme court and Wilson run against eachother and are very alike. Wilson is a better campaighner and has 2 pledges his pledges he uses hi social progressive agenda and 2 he kept us out of war is going to give him majority, Rep are gaining ground amoung Amerian voters, Wilson has a plan, but neither will budge Jan 22 1917, peace without victory speech no side will be utteryly detroyed or embarassed. German military had decided to wage unrestricted submarine warfare this would bring in US into war.All vessels would be striked down without warning , defiant to susex and US broke off all ties with Germany , 3 weeks later Wilson arms us ships. Zimmerman Note, had urged Mexicans to invade US, last straw for US . Mar 1 , American people are enraged, fully on Allies side, Russian Czar is overthrown 
• March 1917 Germany sinks 5 US merchant ships , last straw for Wilson, last war to end all wars, make the world safe for democracy. 
• Wilson has plan that rests on principle of self determination 

Video #6

• War effort led government to mobolize more than troops, Comittee on Public Information secreties of states war amd Naval ,George Creel, best approach to influence pub opinion is by propaganda, rise in public support. Journalist photographers and artists to encourage war.
• Minute men: give liberty speeches to encourage war effort. Enforce loyalty and Germans are harrassed and targeted. Schools drop German languages, Wilson saw consequences they will forget about tolerance, Wilson leads effort to surpress civil liberties during and after war
• Espionage and Sedation Acts; congress was able to surpress crit of govt leaders and war policies. Espionage imposed penalty on anyone who helped with insobordination or gave aid to the enemy , Sedation acts punished those who said anything to stop govt war bonds. For sayiing doing or writing anytthing disloyal or abusive about MAerican Govt Constitution. Socialist were target 
• Victor Burger got 20 years of jail, Eugenme who led coalmine strikes was persecuted as well , was nominated to President. Debbs got arrested, for telling people to resist draft. debbs got 1 million votes while in jail. Civil liberties can be limited in times of war
• WW admin , did not invite Amer to support war, ordered to do so, not prepared for war. Revamp our economic stance, from peace to war, Selective Service Act; military act 21-30 could be drafted later 18-40 
• 1916 had counsel of national defense whish led to other agencies, Food Administration Hoover , become more responsible 

Video # 7

• Wilson and Confrence: 3 mistakes, He decides to go to France himself gone for 6 months, neg impact at . midterm elections, urged voters to democratic nominee,  democrats 1918 lost control of both houses opisition , failed to assighn prominent rep to peace commissioners
• Wilson was fam in europe, ppl loved him
• Big 4 France , Italy, US, Britain, prob is Wilson promised peace without victory , France wanted provisions to weaken Germany, Britain wanted it, Italy wanted land , tensions rise, Wilson makes another mistake prioritizes leaugue of nations over anything else , Wilson belives LOG ensures collective security , gives into Italy for terrritory, Germany becomes weak and humiliated and is ready for revenge 1920, France gets to exploit soot mines, 
• War guilt clause, the war is all Germany's fault so therefore they need to pay for all of it , Wilson admitted he would not sign treaty if he was German ,May , June 28 1919, hall of mirrors german delegation 
• Henry Cabot Lodge, hated Wilson, thouhgt Treaty of Veraille was a mess

Video #8 

• Women supported war, scope of war widened , women are recruited for labor, break through marginalization, 1918 womens suffrage 
• US contrubution to war in eur. american played small role 1917 allies were on defenseive, oct 1917 italians lost ground , nov 1917 communist leaders dropped out \
• Maericans must help war , 1918 germans begin to spring attacks, july 1918 2nd battle of marne, 

Progressives Era Continued

Video #5

• Ros. Is considered first modern president, ros was much more moderate. Often biased congressional opposition, Panama Canal, allowed congress to debate merits, enormously popular, support bully pulpit theory. Embraces squared deal , 
• Ros supportes squared deal, 
• (1) Control of corporations Coalmine strike 1902, demanded increase of pay and better working conditions and less hours. The colamine president refused arbitration , homes throughout the nation were not heated so Ros had to step in, threatens to take over mines and have troops operate the mine, first time fed steps in on behalf of union , miners win. Owners got assurance union would not be recognized , Ros will take what actions are neccisary to protect people, Creation of new cabin position , Department of commerce and labor was created to settle disputes between capital and laor, important to break up monmopolies, dealing with Northern Security Railroad having monopoly , supreme court upheld  sherman anittrust act , Ros Elkines act 1903 ineffectivness of interstate commerce commision which was created in 1887 feels like there need to be more done, reducing abuse of rebates by monopolies , heavy finees can be placed on shippers and railroads. Hepborn act 1906, restri free passes that railroad handed oput, enforced sherman anti trust. Trust buster! strong on retoric and not much evidence gains politicl support, Ros believes in good and bad trust , trusts are torn apart

Video # 6

• (2)Consumer Protection-Natural impulse by congress for meat protection , Eur was threatening to ban american meats because it was tainted,Uptown Sicllare the Jungle 1906 exposed workers plight but it ended up disturbing american public. Meat Inspection 1906 , inroduced by theodore Ros, preperation of meat over state lines would be subject to federal inspection throughout meat making proccess. Pure Food nd Drug Act 1906, labeling has to be honest what is in it and what it does
• (3) Conservation: Desert Land act 1877 , sold desert land on promise of irrigation, Forest Reserve Act 1891 gave president power ro set aside land for parks and forsets , Cary Act 1894 gave federal land back to states on promisee of irrigation . John M is a naturalist who believes in preservation of mother nature, Hetchy Hech valley , Ros uses practical solution over idealized solution 
• Panic 1907- causes are speculation and mismanagement an Wall Street over extension of credit, runs on banks no federal insurance corportaion. Banks are going to close stores because they run out of money.Runs on banks suicides , Ros has to fix it, banks blame Ros,Ros blames ineffiency on the banks and is very angry about the accusations.  Insuregnt Rep and Dem take on republicakn old gaurd take on other . Shows need for elastivc money supply, during the panic the banks were unable to increase the volunme of currency, the people that had money didnt want to lend it , paved way for federal reserve act , labor and important reformers gain important middle class

Video # 7

• William Taft, time that Ros was nearend of his term , announced he ws not running for 3rd term , hand picked successor , Taft ran for Democratic Candidate in 1908 election 
• Ros legacy- tame capitilism not an enemy of business, seek middle ground , good trust and bad trust, increased power of presidemcy because he himself initiated reform movements and he helped the US and other countries realize the power of the US.
• Taft- Everybodt loves a fat man, likeabel progressive wing , becomes ally of old gaurd , dollar diplomacy subsitute dollars for bullets . Trust buster , 90 suits agianst trust, did overstep his bounds amti-trust against steel corporation , labeled as good trust be Ros , Conservationist contributions were equalled or over did Ros, Elkine Act  1910, Postal savings banks system 1910, allows post office to authorize savings deposits and allow them to pay 2% interest on these deposits . 
• Was progressive President, but things led to split in democratic part
• (1) Payne - Aldrich Tariff : reducing tariff had been a major issue for progressive re fromers passd moderat ebill, but senate tacked on so many additions that it raises tariff instead of lowering it, betrays campaighn promises, alienation of progressive wing of republican party. 
• (2)Ballinger -Pinchot Tariff 1910: alients success in conservation, Taft takes Ballinger side, Pinchot is dismissed, conservatist are furios and so are Theodore Roosevelts freinds , progressives were attacking leader of old gaurd and speaker of the house Joe Canon, Taft deserts progreeives and fully backs up old gaurds , split is complete . Progressive and Conservatice in Rep congress.
• Rososavelts speech in Osawatomie Kansa 1910: Shocks old gaurd republicans and inspires progressives, outlines new doctrine , New Nationalism , new era in politics where old gaurds are on defensive side
• Roosvelt- Taft split: 1910 begins in New Nationailsm 

Video # 8

• Election 1912- Democrats had faith that they could take on the white house, Woodrow Wilson, was elected to represent the Democrats and rep were split, mild conservatism to strong progressive . made name for himself as liberal .added new platform named new freedom made up of liberal and progressive policies. 
• Theodore Roosevelt starts new moose party 
• TR with Progressive party, Wilson with Democrats, and Taft with Republicans. Talk between taft and TR went at it against eachother. 
• New Nationalism -pushed for female suffrage and minimum wage laws , programs later became reality. Socialist programs became hard for people. Wilson wanted to bust up all trust did not include social help. Ros gave speech and was shot on chest and continued speech. Wilson won most of electoral vote , Wilson only got 41 percent of popular votes. 
• Wilson politics-Entered WH as progressive , Underwood Tariff considerably reduced tariff rates on imports, started income tax. Bankers, needed elastic money flow, set up comitee to solve this problem 
• Federal Reserve Act: Feds were assigned and monitered 12 banks 

Progressive Era Notes

Video #1

• Progressive Era: Late 1800's lasted until the early 1900's typically say died with WW2
• Life gotten so complex, gov would be agency for human welfare state and national level.
• Belief that could improve common interest, fed gov had to get more involved
• all power had to rest in hands of govt, Grover said people should support govt but govt should not support people
• Problems GA presented in American society, (1) Gap between rich and poor , smaller % of Americans owning more wealth. Political and economic complications. Rich had say in what and how govt responded 1877 Great Railroad Strike , Hay market Ride, Pollman Strike 1894 sided on behalf of business
• Sherman Anti-trust, govt didn't break down monopoly and trust did more to hurt labor, wealthy also flaunted wealth.
• Workers Experinced horrible conditions, dumb bell tenants, little sanitation. Little concern for AA (Booker T Washington) federal govt do very litttle to adress AA concerns , socila economic political
• Goals : Stop monopolies, political corruption, inefficiency , social justice (Christianity- Social Gospel, Prohibition) Achieved: through govt ,fixes problems
• More democracy, push to end American problems during the GA
• Road to Progressive: Greenback Party( Populist Party)
• After collapse of Populist movement, shifted to city, Mugwumps how can we use use govt to fix probably in city( rep party) 
• Living conditions needed to be addressed , progressives saw doctrines as unacceptable , Eugene Debbs gains pop (socialist party) while in jail. 
• FActor: Populism vs Social Critics. SC used writing to spur progressive reform , Henry Lloyd Wealth Against Common Wealth, Thorstien Veblen Theory of the leisure class (1899 critized people who made money for moneys sake), Jacob Riis How the other Half lives 1890- power of picture, dumb bell images, call to action to improve living conditions 

Video #2

• Reformers gave new life and urgency , Protestant church feared worst growing problems and how to solve them (middle class were faithful , social Darwinism poor were not motivated , were tarrying towards middle class) 1870 attitude more common , church turns back on people that catered to JC life, creation of central organizations (YMCA, Salvation Army)
• Walter :If we wan the church to survive we have to put the moral forces in society, instill christian values in themselves and others
• Settlement Houses :1900 thousands of these houses,bring together prosperous men and women with new immigrants, college trained idealist to have a sense of meaningful fulfillment , focused on practical need, Jane Adams: Hall House gave all people equal opportunity 
• Giving programs to all the people they served, sanitary , child labor movement against child labor reforms
• Jane Adams 1939 won noble peace prize, was most admirable woman in America 
• Often middle aged and trained women running these houses
• Political support 

Video #3

• Number of employed women increased, coming in 1880's and 1900, went up by the millions, employment of women in large numbers 
• Teaching and nursing were what occupied  the women the most, rise in clerical work and sales jobs, had little connection in women rights. Susan B Anthony, Elizabeth Katie Stanton demanded 15th amendment to be ratified, for women and black men to have suffrage ,Illiterate ignorant men should not have right to vote
• Largest and most influential women organization was WCTU founded in 1874 . 1890 many members did more than any other women organization to aid women in progressive social reforms
• 1889: Issue that broke women's union , whether or not movement should gain vote at risk of promoting other women's issues.Founded National women's suffrage association promoted women's amendment to the constitution, considered right to vote as one of many feminist causes 
• Later 1889: Founding of American Women's Suffrage association, first reform for women suffrage. half a century before battle would one won 
• 1890: 3 years after. both united as national american woman association . more movements in 20th 
• Before 19th amendment was passed 9 western states gave women's suffrage before 1911, not until NY 1917 that state east of Mississippi had suffrage
•  Women did not combine work to only that issue 1866, YW organization created , many groups created late 1900 century
• Book reading and literary clubs starting to sprout up, start to see women becoming aware of unfair labor pay, middle class become united , even without support of women in both places, many states regualte big business , railroads supervised banks. 1887-1897 limiting hours. forbidding child labor, 
• Limits 13th amendment, person due process law , we see state reforms with Wisconsin and La-Fayette , noting state and local level. States make social forms happen Muckrakers- got name from Theodore Roosevelt, writing about social ills. Focused on breaking up muck felt they went too far, appetite for facts Muckrakers featured failures and progressives were strong on diagnosis than. Imbalance more talk than action. Don't see legislation. Shame of cities , history of standard oils. Cities demand to collapse Rockefeller's trust 

Video #4

• Features of Progressive Era
• Democracy- Lincoln Stephens, Muckraker Shame of cities, attacked political machines. increase democratization of Govt and greater political  participation among ppl. Political reform increased political participation than direct primary, encouraged voters to decide on a candidate to represent political party in election, nominating king caucus. Initiative where citizens can initiate legislation, referendum where legislation lets citizens decide whether a bill becomes a law or not, recall cit can vote if they want to end someones term beforehand , secret ballot, vote is confidential , direct el;ection, before 17th amendment was ratified 1913, state legistalers decided who their 2 rep would be , taking away power of political machines, giving more power to citizens
• Gospel of Effiency- Fredick W. Taylor "Principles of sceintific managemnt": deemed effiency , taylorism- promises to reduce ineffiency and waste in workplace by breaking down goods by steps, optimum work and job classification , predecessor of assembly line. Gov: elimates agencies and things from being redundant establish clear lines of autority . Commision System: Texas 1901, aftermath of tornado that destroyed local govt , authority placed on board which is elected , heads of department are established. City-manager plan: one professional admin,. runs municple govt st up in virginia 1908 , 1914 National Association of city managers had haroled arrival of proffesion .Early 20th century reqired specialists with technical expertise , govt by non parisan . Wisconsin Idea: idea of effiecient and scientific govt state and local level, giving them recources and and hlep to make effective decidions, widley pub. and copied .Lafayette , fighting Bob, most famous polititian also pushes for direct primary, stronger RR building 

Gilded Age Video Notes

GROWTH OF AMERICAN CITIES & CULTURE

Video # 1

• United States is a nation of Immigrants , 9 million immigrants migrated in 20th century (push and pull factors)
• Northern/ Western immigrants, high level of literacy (old) contrary to illiteracy (new)
• These new Immigrants were not accustomed to democracy, America essentially became religious melting pot and cultural pluralism, the mentally retarded , were not socially accepted as well as the criminals and women. 
• 1885 Contract protected workers, Unions were anti-immigrant because they believed these new immigrants were stealing american jobs away from citizens.
• Negative response from Anglo-Saxon nativists , Quota acts (to restrict immigration) on southern and eastern Europe

Video #2

• Growth of Cities and Industrialization, cities- attract people because of job opportunities , provide lots of goods due to the mass production from factories
• Cities offer wide range of opportunities not available on farm 
• Many African Americans also migrate into cities, it was difficult for them to get jobs (especially in south)
• During the beginning a great number of improvements of Urban transportation (not walk)commuting became easier (railroads, bridges Brooklyn) 
• Upper& Middle class move into streetcar suburb working poor immigrant left in cities 
• Grow upwards (increase of land value) first skyscraper in 1885
• Dumbbell apartments -families living in 1 room very poor living standards 

Video #3

• Progressive & Poverty (George) large inequalities in wealth caused by industrialization
• Settlement houses: young idealists, who served in communities to provide social work for people in neighborhood , taught English , industrial arts , thousands set in cities.
• Francis Perkins , Harriet Hopkins (people) 
• Social Gospel:1880's -1890 clergymen social justice for poor -importance of playing christian roles in social justice
• All religions adopted stresses in modern urban living ,Catholic inspire support , defend knights of labor ,pros. Salvation army 1879 -provide life for poor 
• Women were called to action by Mary Baker Edre , Church of Christian Science , role in reform movements 
• Urban life places strain on family , isolation from extended family , no village , divorce increase reduction of family size 

GILDED AGE POLITICS

Video #1

• Compromise 1867, stalemate . national and economic west
• Consolidation Politics : Politic Machines : top politician gave away gov't jobs to party supporters (Tammy Hall)
• TH:social halls , power centers , immigrants (votes) ,Boss Tweed , welfare for urban centers find jobs & apartments , give food to poor 65% of money ended in pockets , political cartoons "my country cam't read" 
• Politics still very powerful

Video #2

• Politics in Gilded Age , late 1870-1900 ,shift of attention (stalemate) {Mark Twain- gold covered dog crap}
• National conservatism , campaighn tactically patronage, limited government (laissez faire, Darwinism
• 1876-1892 election was close , avoided taking position on issues (rise of political machine)Rep-state Dem-cities
• Rep- Civil war refreshing memories , reformers reformers African Americans , middle class, anglo saxon nativists, veterans 
• Dem-Confederacy , Catholics , immigrants
• Party Patronage- gaining office , holding office provide office to same party supporter
• Presidential Politics: Ruthenburg B. Hayes Compromise of 1877 Garfield assig 1881, Arthur and Cleveland money issue 

Video #3

• Money question: whether or not to expand money
• Supply?Debtors , Farmers, started business(borrow money,pay money back with more interesbankers , creditors, investors(dollars backed by gold , less money= greater value)
• Greenbacks: not backed by gold or silver , Congress 1875 :withdrew greenbacks from circulation 
• Farmers associated green backs with high prices which equals prooperty, supporters of paper money turn to politics
• 1878 candidates , 14 elected 14 to congress greenback 1870 , stopped coinage of silver {crime of 1873}
• Bland Allison Act. 16-1, compromise silver and gold advocates

Video #4

• Farmers discontent 1868 low prices, inflation of currency of paper money
• 1867, 1st FA , Oliver Kelly
• Enhance life of isolated farmers by the means of social education ,picnics concerts , farmers leave to be part of the city
• Laborers = husbands Mother=maid/Matrons 18000 members 
• Support midwest & South , farmers plight : establish co operated stores

Video #5

• Grover Cleveland:Pres 1892 , panic 1893, stock market crash , prices of stock are bloated (over speculated), Railroads went into bankruptcy, 4 year depression . 20% unemployment , conservative: championed gold standard 
• Gold reserve fell to very low level (1) Repeal Sherman Act 1890, to satisfy farmers and miners 16 silver =1 gold (2) Wall street, 16 million in gold 
• Workers dislike Cleveland , Polman strike 1894, raise rent but didn't raise pay : strike led by Eugene Debs
• Unemployment grew clash war 
• Coxy 1894 , thousand of 

Labor Unions

Part C:
The Labor Unions were too different, they were aiming to completely different audiences and excluded many people. The huge gap between them led to neither being able to succeed.

Urbanizing America
8. Urban life was very traditional and conservatory , women for example were home makers and took care of their children, essentially dwelling in the home constantly. The city brought opportunity for women to be lawyers , doctors , the principles of the nation were being rewritten.

9.Cities became densely populated, job availability attracted the masses, including women blacks and immigrants. The opportunity filled mystical cities , drew in those whom were looking to fend for themselves and to have the same opportunities that white males have always monopalized.

"New South Question"

Was the "New South" more of a slogan than reality?

The phrase the "New South" was merely a slogan for the purpose of portraying a more equal and just treatment of the new American citizens, the African Americans. The newly found suffrage for the ex slaves was halted and rejected by voting requirements, and slaves were put into a cycleof poverty due to the lack of property and became sharecroppers.There was no equality between white and black citizens , establishments were to be "separate but equal" this principle allowed segregation to come into play , which essentially polarized the relationship between both races.